It is widely accepted that in order to be more productive and competitive within the knowledge economy, companies across all industries need to become learning organisations and invest significantly in their employees. Human resources are recognised as organisation’s greatest asset, even in the era of fourth industrial revolution with its emphasis on science and technology (including Robotics & Artificial Intelligence). The application of human resource management (HRM) and human resource development (HRD) theories and concepts is particularly important in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector, where technology often plays a secondary role to human interactions. The organisation and improvement of HRD are therefore central to organisational sustainability in the sector (see Dainty and Loosemore, 2012). Numerous studies also recommend that HRD practices such as training and development should align with and drive organisational strategy.

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